The Living World. (NCERT based MCQs)

 The Living World.

(By. Ashwani  Kumar)

1. How many species are known and described approximately?

A) 1 million

B) 2.5 million

C) 1.7-1.8 million —

D) 0.5 million

Ans. C

2. What does ICBN stand for?

A) International Council for Biological Names

B) Indian Code for Botanical Nomenclature

C) International Code for Botanical Nomenclature —

D) International Committee for Biological Naming

Ans: C

3. Which code is used by animal taxonomists for naming animals?

A) ICZN 

B) ICBN

C) IBSC

D) NCERT

Ans A.

4. What does ICZN stand for?

A) International Community of Zoological Nomenclature

B) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature —

C) International Committee for Zonal Names

D) Indian Code for Zoological Naming

Ans: B

5. What is the main advantage of scientific names?

A) They are in English

B) They help in memorising faster

C) Each organism has only one universally accepted name —

D) They are easy to pronounce

Ans. C

6.. The system of giving names with two components is called —

A) Monomial nomenclature

B) Trinomial nomenclature

C) Binomial nomenclature —

D) Dual taxonomy

Ans: C

9. Who introduced the binomial system of nomenclature?

A) Charles Darwin

B) Gregor Mendel

C) Carolus Linnaeus —

D) Aristotle

Ans: C

10. In the scientific name Mangifera indica, what does "Mangifera" represent?

A) Species

B) Family

C) Order

D) Genus —

Ans: D

11. In Mangifera indica, what does "indica" represent?

A) Family name

B) Genus

C) Specific epithet —

D) Class

Ans: C

12. Biological names are generally in which language?

A) English

B) Sanskrit

C) Greek

D) Latin 

Ans: D

13. How are biological names written when handwritten?

A) In bold

B) In capital letters

C) Underlined separately —

D) With dots between words

Ans: C

14. How are biological names printed to indicate Latin origin?

A) Bold

B) Underlined

C) Capitalized

D) Italicised —

Ans: D

15. What is the process of giving standard names to organisms called?

A) Classification

B) Nomenclature —

C) Evolution

D) Observation

Ans: B

16. What is the first step before naming an organism scientifically?

A) Reading a textbook

B) Describing and identifying the organism —

C) Photographing it

D) Coloring it

Ans: B

17. Who developed the binomial system of nomenclature?

A) Charles Darwin

B) Gregor Mendel

C) Carolus Linnaeus 

D) Aristotle

Ans: C

18. In a scientific name, which part starts with a capital letter?

A) Specific epithet

B) Genus —

C) Family

D) Species

Ans: B

19.. In a biological name, which part begins with a small letter?

A) Genus

B) Phylum

C) Specific epithet —

D) Kingdom

Ans: C

20. What does the author’s name after the specific epithet indicate?

A) Who named the genus

B) The current scientist studying it

C) The person who first described the species —

D) The one who classified it

Ans: C

21.. What is the process of grouping organisms into categories called?

A) Nomenclature

B) Evolution

C) Classification —

D) Adaptation

Ans: C

22.. What is the scientific term for the process of classifying organisms into taxa?

A) Ecology

B) Taxonomy —

C) Morphology

D) Physiology

Ans: B

23. Early classifications of organisms were based on —

A) Scientific rules

B) Uses of organisms 

C) Size of organisms

D) Ecosystems

Ans: B

24. Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in taxonomy?

A) Identification → Nomenclature → Characterisation → Classification

B) Classification → Characterisation → Nomenclature → Identification

C) Characterisation → Identification → Classification → Nomenclature —

D) Nomenclature → Classification → Identification → Characterisation

Ans C

25. What is the first step in the process of taxonomy?

A) Nomenclature

B) Characterisation —

C) Identification

D) Classification

Ans: B

26. Identifying to which group an organism belongs is known as —

A) Nomenclature

B) Classification

C) Systematics

D) Identification —

Ans: D

27. Systematics includes which of the following?

A) Only classification

B) Only naming

C) Identification, classification, nomenclature, and study of relationships —

D) Evolutionary study only

Ans: C

28. Which of the following best explains the role of systematics in biology?

A) It helps in digestion

B) It helps in naming organisms

C) It helps understand evolutionary links between species —

D) It explains photosynthesis

Ans. C

29. Who authored the work titled Systema Naturae as part of his classification efforts?

A) Charles Darwin

B) Aristotle

C) Carolus Linnaeus 

D) Gregor Mendel

Ans: C

30. What is the correct term for each rank or step in the taxonomic hierarchy?

A) Species

B) Category 

C) Class

D) Genus

Ans: B

31. What is the lowest taxonomic category in both plants and animals?

A) Genus

B) Species 

C) Order

D) Family

Ans: B

32. What is the correct scientific name for human beings?

A) Homo Sapiens

B) Homo sapiens 

C) homo sapiens

D) Sapiens Homo

Ans: B

33. Which of these pairs belong to the same family Felidae?

A) Lion and cat —

B) Cat and dog

C) Dog and wolf

D) Leopard and wolf

Ans. A

34. The family Canidae includes which of the following?

A) Cats

B) Dogs 

C) Tigers

D) Leopards

Ans: B

35. In plants, which genera belong to the family Solanaceae?

A) Rosa, Nelumbo, Hibiscus

B) Solanum, Petunia, Datura —

C) Zea, Oryza, Triticum

D) Mango, Guava, Jamun

Ans: B

36. Which order includes families like Felidae and Canidae?

A) Primata

B) Solanaceae

C) Carnivora —

D) Polymoniales

Ans: C

37. What category includes families like Solanaceae and Convolvulaceae based on floral characters?

A) Class

B) Order 

C) Genus

D) Species

Ans: B

38. The class Mammalia includes which of the following orders?

A) Solanaceae and Convolvulaceae

B) Carnivora and Primata —

C) Felidae and Canidae

D) Poaceae and Fabaceae

Ans: B

39. What is the next higher category after Class in the animal kingdom?

A) Order

B) Genus

C) Phylum 

D) Species

Ans: C

40. Which of the following classes belong to the same phylum?

A) Mammals and Birds —

B) Amphibians and Algae

C) Reptiles and Ferns

D) Birds and Insects

Ans: A

41. In the animal kingdom classification system, the highest taxonomic category is:

A) Phylum

B) Class

C) Order

D) Kingdom

Ans: D

42. In plants, similar classes are grouped under which higher category?

A) Phylum

B) Order

C) Division

D) Kingdom

Ans: C) Division

43. As we move from species to kingdom, the number of common characteristics among organisms:

A) Increases

B) Remains constant

C) Decreases

D) First increases then decreases

Ans. C 

44. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding lower taxonomic categories?

A) Fewer characteristics are shared

B) More characteristics are shared

C) They are broader categories

D) They are harder to classify

Ans: B) 

45. The classification problem becomes more complex at:

A) Species level

B) Genus level

C) Kingdom level

D) Family level

Ans: C

46. Mangifera indica (Mango) belongs to which Family?

A. Poaceae

B. Muscidae

C. Anacardiaceae

D. Hominidae

Ans: C.

47. What is the Class of Mangifera indica (Mango)?

A. Dicotyledonae

B. Monocotyledonae

C. Insecta

D. Mammalia

Ans: A.

48. The Division of Mangifera indica is:

A. Chordata

B. Arthropoda

C. Angiospermae

D. Monocotyledonae

Ans: C. 

49. The Order of Homo sapiens is:

A. Mammalia

B. Hominidae

C. Primata

D. Chordata

Ans: C. 

50. . Triticum aestivum belongs to which Order?

A. Sapindales

B. Poales

C. Primata

D. Diptera

Ans: B. 

51. What is the Order of Musca domestica (Housefly)?

A. Primata

B. Diptera

C. Insecta

D. Muscidae

Ans: B. 

52. The Class of Triticum aestivum (Wheat) is:

A. Dicotyledonae

B. Insecta

C. Monocotyledonae

D. Mammalia

Ans C. 

Q. By switching the position of promotor with terminator the definition of coding and template strand could be reversed. How.

 Q. By switching the position of promotor with terminator the definition of coding and template  strand could be reversed. How.

Ans. Switching the position of the promoter and terminator in a DNA sequence would reverse the direction of transcription, which in turn would change which strand serves as the template for mRNA synthesis. Normally, the promoter region is where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription, and the terminator signals the end of transcription. 

If you switch their positions, the RNA polymerase would bind at what was previously the terminator and transcribe in the opposite direction, using what was previously the coding (non-template) strand as the template for mRNA synthesis. Consequently, the strand that was previously the coding (non-template) strand would become the template strand, and vice versa, effectively reversing their roles.

Pneumonics for Kreb's Cycle

Number of ATP per mole of Glucose

 To calculate the number of ATP produced by one mole of glucose, we need to multiply the number of ATP produced by one molecule by Avogadro's number, which is 6.022 x 10^23. So, the number of ATP produced by one mole of glucose is 38 x 6.022 x 10^23 = 2.29 x 10^24.

What is Synthetic biology? (Synthetic Biology Vs Biotechnology)

What is Synthetic biology?

(Synthetic Biology Vs Biotechnology)

Synthetic Biology is the discipline of biology by which the biologists can create organisms not found in nature or remake the existing organisms with the aim of producing new products.

 Synthetic Biology differs from biotechnology. In biotechnology the scientists change the existing genetic material of organism by adding or removing one or more genes and the source of new added genes is another naturally existing organism. But in synthetic biology, whole genome or large section of DNA coding for specific metabolic pathway is synthetically prepared in lab from raw material and it is introduced in some naturally existing organism to replace the naturally existing genetic material. As the genetic material is synthesized, not taken from some organism, therefore it is called synthetic Biology. 

Synthetic Biology has potential far more than biotechnology. In biotechnology we can only change few  genes to produce a modified organism but in synthetic biology whole-genome can be changed thus producing altogether new organism not hitherto existing in nature. Synthetic Biology is an extreme of biotechnology. 

Synthetic Biology is nicknamed 'synbio'.

Synthetic biologists have produced yeast producing squalane which is used in moisturizers. Normally on fermentation yeast produces alcohol but scientists have synthesized new genetic code programmed to produce squalene on fermentation. No yeast in nature have genes producing squalene on fermentation.

 By synbio  whole new metabolic Pathways have been created in bacteria, algae and yeast to make them living chemical factories. These synthetic microorganisms on fermentation produce useful products like vanilla, rose oil, saffron oil and more.

 Synthetic organisms are simple as they have no unnecessary genetic material, where as genetically modified organisms created by biotechnologists have all non functional or extra DNA that is naturally found in them.

  Genetically modified organisms are created by biotechnologists by cutting and pasting DNA whereas synthetic biology synthesise whole new DNA sequence.

The concern about synthetic biology is that it produces new types of organisms not existing in nature. It introduces those genes in organisms which are not found in nature in that organism and evem may not be present in the organisms on planet earth. These new organisms new genes can have possibly harmful effect on human life or other organisms and on our environment.

By.Ashwani

Biology Teacher

Phagwara.Pb 

9646388266.

 Pink Ice an Environmental Concern 

By.Ashwani.Phagwara.Pb A h

Recently pink ice appeared on Presena glacier  of Italy. Environmental scientists are worried about it because according to them it can speed up the melting of glaciers. Actually the pinkish colour is due to an algae Ancylonema nordenskioeldii. This algae had also turned ice  in Southwest Greenland pink .This colour of  this algae is due to carotenoid photosynthetic pigments. Normally the clean whitish ice reflects 80% of solar radiation but the coloured photosynthetic pigments in plants are made to absorb maximum sunlight. They absorb sunlight out of which very small amount is used in photosynthesis rest of sunlight just heats the plant.Here the algae pigment absorbs sunlight and their body becomes heated. This heat is transferred to surrounding ice which  speeds up melting of ice. Actally any thing that darkens the ice increases the melting speed of light.darker the colour more more sun rays will be absorbed hence more will be the heating effect.

 This year less snowfall and slightly higher temperature than average have resulted in growth of this algae. Experts also link it to global warming. A different variety of the same algae had turned glaciers in Switzerland and purple. The same algae is also growing on Himalayan glaciers .The coloured Algae are speeding up the melting of glaciers.

By.Ashwani Phagwara.Pb. 

WA.9646388266.

Abhyaas App For JEE, NEET Preparation

NTA has launched  a new app named ‘National Test Abhyaas’ for providing mock tests to the JEE and NEET candidates.

The JEE and NEET exams were postponed due to the covid 19  pandemic and  nationwide lockdown. The app has been launched to help students to prepare for these highly competitive tests, which have since been rescheduled.

Now, JEE-Mains exam will be  conducted from 18 to 23 July, while NEET 2020 will be held on 26 July.

Students can download this app from Google Play Store.

by.Ashwani.bio teacher Phagwara.