Wednesday, 25 March 2020

Madras High Court on NEET Inequality

In a data submitted by the Tamil Nadu government to the Madras High Court  it was revealed that only 2.1% of the students admitted into medical colleges in 2019 had passed the NEET exam without enrolling in private coaching centres. High Court observed that NEET had adversely affected the poor students and treated ‘unequals as equals. On one side ,3033 students secured MBBS seats by enrolling in private coaching ‘shops’, while only 48 students secured the seats without it. Thus, only 1.55% of the students in government medical colleges cleared the exams without getting coaching from private centres. In self-financing colleges, the percentage of students who secured medical seats without coaching was 3.15%.

The panel  of Tamil Nadu High Court asked why the present central government,did not scrap NEET. The panel revealed that private coaching institutes chargeanywhere between `2.5 lakh and `5 lakh. Therefore, the doors of most medical colleges were closed to poor students.The court remarked  “It is shocking to note that only negligible candidates have got admission without undergoing coaching. This means that medical education is not available to the poor,” said the court.

 By.Ashwani.Bio teacher Phagwara 9646388266.


Number of applications and seats in NEET

15.94 lakh candidates have applied for NEET 2020.




NEET 2020 showed a minor rise of 4.87 percent or 74,083 candidates from last year,  NEET is  mandatory to get admission into AIIMS and JIPMER, AYUSH courses and 15% All India Quota seats of Veterinary courses across the country. Candidates willing to study MBBS abroad will also have to qualify the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET).

 33,357  applications have been received in Jammu & Kashmir.

 The maximum number of applications have been received from Maharashtra (2.28 lakh candidates). The second stated who has the highest applications is Uttar Pradesh(1.54 candidates).Karnataka is at 3rd position with 1.19 lakh applications followed by Tamil Nadu and Kerala with 1.17 and 1.16 lakh candidates, respectively.


NEET (UG) entrance examination is conducted for admission to around.
1.. 76,928 MBBS.
2.. 26,99 BDS
3.. 52,720 AYUSH
4... 525 BVSc.
5... 1205 AIIMS.
6... 200 JIPMER MBBS seats in government, private, deemed/central universities, 15 AIIMS and 2 JIPMER medical institutes .
BY.ASHWANI.BIO TEACHER, PHAGWARA.9646388266.

Centre not to act on Madras HC’s remarks on NEET

The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is not planning to take action on the Madras High Court’s remark that the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) favours the urban and wealthy candidates who can afford coaching. Madras High Court while hearing a case related to NEET had made two broad observations in November 2019.
1. number of candidates who appeared multiple times got admission more than who appeared the first time.
2.only negligible candidates got admission without undergoing coaching

 The Madras HC’s remarks  were on equity and access. In words of court “That means medical education is not available to the poor people and it is available only to those who underwent coaching classes by spending lakhs of rupees. Moreover, this will also put rural students in a disadvantageous position, as they lack facilities of undergoing coaching."

However, the Central Government this issue does not require any action.

By. Ashwani.bio teacher.Phagwara.9646388266.

No fee concession for women candidates in NEET 2020



women candidates in India are given fifty per cent concession for applying in Indian Institute of Technology Joint Entrance Examination (IIT-JEE) Mains, However,they do not get any cut in registration fees for National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET).

Application fee for candidates  for NEET 2020, is Rs 1,500 irrespective of the gender, while in IIT-JEE Mains, application fees for B.E./B.Tech is Rs 650 for boys and Rs 325 for girls under general category.

The agency that conducts both NEET and IIT-JEE Mains is the National Testing Agency (NTA) but it follows a different standard in giving concessions to the women candidates for these two exams.
However, according to NTA role of the agency was limited only to conduct the entrance exams and declaring the results and its conducting of exam is  based on directions given by the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family welfare and National Medical Commission for NEET.It has no role in giving fee concession.

By. Ashwani.bio teacher.Phagwara.9646388266.

Tamil Nadu government to reserve seats for students studied in government schools

TN government is going to make law to reserve seats for students who had cleared the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) after studying in government schools from 1st to 12th standard.According to CM a special law will be brought by the government to reserve seats for students who had cleared the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) after studying in government schools from 1st to 12th standard . Government will appoint Commission headed by a retired High Court judge to gather data and statistics for bringing in the law and make necessary recommendations in this connection.Commission will also study the reasons for government school students for joining medical college in low numbers and give recommendstion to govt for required the action to be taken on part of govt.
By. Ashwani.bio teacher.Phagwara.9646388266.

NEET 2020 NOT POSTPONED TILL YET

2020 examination will be conducted on May 3, 2020. With the country facing the COVD-19 challenge there have been expectations that the NEET 2020 examinations will be postponed.The MHRD secretary has however stated that the examinations will be conducted as per schedule until a decision is made on whether to reschedule the May 2020 examination.


NEET 2020 data
1.As per the reports available, a total of 15.93 lakh students have registered for the NEET UG2020 examinations

2.NEET 2020 will be conducted for a duration of three hours. The examinations will be conducted from 2 PM to 5 PM across the designated examination centres across the country.

3.Updates regarding the examinations will be available on the official website - ntaneet.nic.in.

4.NEET 2020 admit card will be available for download on the official website on March 27, 2020.
By.Ashwani,bio teacher,Phagwara.9646388266



Saturday, 2 March 2019

Biological classification -NCERT based objective questions.

pp 16.
1. who was pioneer to classify living organisms on scientific basis ?
Aristotle
2.what was the basis of Aristotle's classification ?
morphological characters.
3. what was Aristotle's classification of plants ?
Aristotle classified plants into trees shrubs and herbs.
4. what was Aristotle's classification of animals?
Aristotle classified animals into two categories animals with red blood and animals without red blood .
5.what is two kingdom system of classification ?
living organisms are classified into two kingdoms . Kingdom Plantae and Kingdom Animalia.
6.why two kingdom system is not used ?
because a large number of organisms does not fall in either of two kingdoms.
pp17 .
7.who proposed five kingdom system of classification ?
R H whittaker (1969 ).
8.Name the five kingdoms proposed by whittaker .
Monera ,protista ,fungi ,plantae Animalia.
9. List main criteria of classification used by whittaker.
cell structure, thanks or body organisation, mode of nutrition, reproduction and phylogenetic relationships.
10.Cell wall of fungi is made up of......?
Chitin.
11.cell wall of plants is mainly made up of .........?
cellulose.
12. what is cell type of Monera? prokaryotic.
13. in which kingdom cell wall is absent ?
Kingdom Animalia.
14. what type of body organisation is found in Monera and fungi? cellular .
15.what type of body organisation is found in fungi ?
multicellular /loose tissue.
16. what type of body organisation is found in plants?
tissue /organ .
17.what is mode of nutrition in Monera ?
autotrophic and heterotrophic.
18. what kind of autotrophic nutrition is found Monera?  photosynthetic and chemosynthetic 19.what is mode of nutrition in protista?
Autotrophic and Heterotrophic.
20. what kind of autotrophic mode of nutrition is found in Plantae?
only photosynthetic.
21. what type of heterotrophic mode of nutrition is found in Monera?
saprophytic and parasitic .
22.what kinds of heterotrophic nutrition are found in Animalia? holozoic and saprophytic .
23.Name the kingdom containing unicellular eukaryotic organisms. protista.
24. what is the kingdom of Paramecium and Amoeba?
protista
2.1 pp18.
Kingdom Monera

25.which is the sole member of kingdom Monera ?
bacteria .
26.Name the most abundant microorganisms .
bacteria
27.Name four categories of bacteria on the basis of their shape. coccus,baccilus,vibrium, spirillum. 28. Comma shaped bacteria are called ......?
vibrio ( sing.,Vibrium).
29. what is the most common mode of nutrition in bacteria?
heterotrophic
2. 1.1
Archaebacteria
30. what is special about Archaebacteria ?
some archaebacteria live in most harsh habitats . Archaebacteria are found in salty areas( halophiles), hot springs (thermophiles ) and marshy areas (methanogens) 31.where are methanogens found? in gut of ruminants like cow and buffalo .
2.1.2 eubacteria or true bacteria.

32. Write two characteristics of eubacteria .
1.rigid cell wall
2.may have flagellum
33.Are cyanobacteria eubacteria? yes .
34.what is other common name of cyanobacteria?
blue green algae
35.what is mode of nutrition in cyanobacteria ?
cyanobacteria are photosynthetic autotrophs
36.what are heterocysts ?
some cyanobacteria like Nostoc and Anabaena can fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialised cells called heterocysts .
37.what are chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria ?
these are bacteria which oxidize nitrate , nitrite salt and ammonia and use the energy released for ATP synthesis .
38.what is importance of chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria ?
They play a role in recycling of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus iron and sulphur .
39.what is the most common   mode of nutrition in bacteria? heterotrophic .
40. Name diseases caused by heterotrophic bacteria?
Typhoid, tetanus ,cholera in man. Citrus canker in citrus plants .
41. what is most common mode of reproduction in bacteria ?
fission .
42. Write 3 characteristics of mycoplasma.
1. Absence of cell wall
2. can survive without oxygen.
3. are known as smallest living cells.

2.2
kingdom Protista
43. All single celled eukaryotes are placed under kingdom.....
Protista.
44. what are chrysophytes?. Give two examples.
Chrysophytes are microscopic planktons which float passively in water . Examples : diatoms, golden algae (desmids).
45. what is special about cell wall of diatoms?
In diatoms the cell wall is in the form of two overlapping shells which fit like a soap box. The walls are embedded with silica .
46.what is diatomaceous earth? Accumulation of siliceous cell walls of diatoms over billion of years in their habitats have formed diatomaceous earth .
47. what is use of diatomaceous earth ?
Diatomaceous earth  is used in polishing , filtration of oils and syrups .
48. Name chief producers in oceans.
Diatoms
49.what is habitat of chrysophytes (diatoms and desmids)
They are found in fresh water as well as in marine habitats.
2.2.2 .dinoflagellates
50.why dinoflagellates have been named so ?
because most of dinoflagellates have two flagella, one lies longitudinally and other transversely in a furrow between the cell wall plates.
51. what causes red tides in sea? Red dinoflagellates. example Gonyaulax.
52.what is the colour of dinoflagellates ?
Green, yellow , brown , blue or red depending upon pigment in their walls .
53. The cell wall of dinoflagellates is made up of.......
Cellulose.

2.2.3 Euglenoids
54. Majority of dinoflagellates are found in ........habitat whereas majority of euglenoids are found in...... habitat. Marine, stagnant freshwater.
55. Protein rich layer that lines the cell body of euglenoids is called....... pellicle.
56.How many flagella are there in euglenoids ?
Two, one short and one long.
57. what is mode of nutrition in euglena ?
In light they are photosynthetic and when deprived of sunlight they are heterotrophic.

2.2.4 Slime Moulds.
58. Name a group of saprophytic protists .
Slime moulds
59.what are plasmodium and fruiting bodies in slime moulds?
In favourable conditions slime moulds form an aggregate called plasmodium. In unfavourable conditions plasmodium forms fruiting bodies having spores at their tips.
2.2.5 Protozoans .
60.what is mode of nutrition in protozoans ?
Heterotrophic. All are  predators or parasitic.
61. Name four major groups of protozoans.
Amoeboid protozoans, flagellated protozoans ,ciliated protozoans and sporozoites.
62. what is habitat of amoeboid protozoans ?
They are found in fresh water, marine water and moist soils also. 63.which structure helps amoeboid protozoans to capture food ?
Pseudopodia.
64.Name a parasitic amoeboid protozoan.
Entamoeba.
22 pp.
65.Name the flagellated protozoan that causes sleeping sickness. Trypanosoma .
66.Name a ciliated protozoan. please .
67.  why sporozoans have been named so?
because they have infectious spore like stage in their life cycle .
68.Name a sporozoan.
Plasmodium vivax (malarial parasite )
2.3 Kingdom Fungi .
69.Toadstools belong to kingdom....
fungi
70.Name a unicellular fungus. Yeast .
71.Name a wheat disease caused by fungus Puccinia .
Wheat rust
72.Name a fungus which is a source of antibiotic penicillin.
Penicillium .
73.what are hyphae and mycelium? Fungus body is made up of thread like structures called hyphae. Network of hyphae is called mycelium .
74.What are coenocytic hyphae?some hyphae of fungus are long tube containing multinucleated cytoplasm. These are called coenocytic hyphae.
75. Name the main components of fungal cell wall.
chitin and polysaccharides
76.Name the types of symbiotic relationships of Fungi.
Lichens  and mycorrhiza.
77.what are lichens ?
Lichens are symbiotic association of fungi and algae.
78. what is mycorrhiza ?
These are symbiotic association of fungi and roots of higher plants.
79. Name three means of vegetative reproduction found in fungi.
Fragmentation, fission and budding 23 pp
80. What are modes of asexual reproduction in fungi?
 Asexual reproduction in fungi occurs by formation of spores called Canadia or sporangiospores or zoospores .
81.In what kind of reproduction in fungi oospores, ascospores and basidiospores are formed.
 sexual reproduction.
82. Write 3 steps in sexual reproduction in fungi .
A  plasmogamy : fusion of protoplasm of gametes.
B. karyogamy: fusion of nuclei of gametes .
C  meiosis in zygote forming haploid spores.
83. what is dikaryophase in fungi?
 In ascomycetes and basidiomycetes fusion of two haploid cells of compatible mating types results in formation of cell with two nuclei (n+n). Such a  cell is called dikaryon and phase is called dikaryophase. Later two nuclei fuse.
 2.3.1 Phycomycetes
84. Give some common examples of phycomycetes .
Mucor , Rhizopus (bread mould), Albugo (a parasitic fungi on mustard ).
85.Dissimilar gametes are called... anisogametes  .
86.Mycelium of phycomycetes is..........
aseptate /coenocytic
87. Name asexual spores formed in phycomycetes .
zoospores (motile), aplanospores (non motile ).
2.3.2 Ascomycetes.
88 . what is common name of ascomycetes ?
Sac fungi
89. Give two examples of ascomycetes.
 Penicillium and yeast.
90. Name a unicellular ascomycetes fungi .
Yeast
91.what are coprophilous fungi? Fungi that grow on dung .
24pp.
92.what kind of mycelium are formed in ascomycetes?
 branched and septate.
93. Give two examples of ascomycetes .
Aspergillus, Claviceps, Neurospora.
94. Morels and truffles belong to ........group of fungi.
Ascomycetes
95.sexual reproduction in ascomycetes occur by..........
ascospores.
96. Name the asexual spores in ascomycetous .
 conidia
97. Conidia are formed exogenously whereas ascospores are formed......... endogenously .
2.3.3 Basidiomycetes.
98. Name some common forms of basidiomycetes fungi .
mushrooms , bracket fungi or puffballs .
99.what type of mycelium is found in basidiomycetes.
 branched and septate.
100. In which group of fungi asexual spores are generally not found ?
basidiomycetes .
101.what is a common mode of vegetative reproduction in basidiomycetes ?
fragmentation.
102. List steps of sexual reproduction in basidiomycetes.
A. Plasmogamy i.e fusion of somatic cells of different strains forming dikaryon.
B .Dikaryon give rise to basidium. C. Karyogamy and meiosis in basidium forming four basidiospores.
103.fruirting body bearing basidia are known as.....
 basidiocarps .
104.Give some examples of basidiomycetes .
Agaricus : mushroom
Ustilago : smut and
Puccinia : rust fungus .
2.3.4 Deuteromycetes
105. which group of fungi is commonly known as imperfect fungi?
 Deuteromycetes
106. why deuteromycetes are also known as imperfect fungi ?
because only asexual or vegetative phases of these fungi are known . 107. Deuteromycetes reproduce only by asexual spores known as........
 Conidia
108.what type of mycelium is found deuteromycetes?
separate and branched.
109. what type of heterotrophic nutrition is found in deuteromycetes?
 Saprophytic and parasitic. A large numbers of them are decomposers. 110.Give some examples of imperfect fungi/deuteromycetes
Alternaria,Colletotrichum   and Trichoderma
pp25
2.4 Kingdom Plantae.
111. Name some partially heterotrophic plants .
Insectivorous plants like bladderwort and Venus fly trap.
 Parasitic plants like Cuscuta.
112. Give three main characteristics of kingdom plantae.
 Eukaryotic cell structure, presence of chlorophyll, cell wall mainly made up of cellulose .
113. Name main groups of kingdom plantae .
Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. 114. what are two distinct phases in the cycle of plants ?
diploid sporophytic phase ,
haploid gametophytic phase.
 2.5 Kingdom Animalia.
 115. Multicellular autotrophic eukaryotic organisms without cell wall are placed in kingdom....     animalia .
116. what type of food reserve is found in kingdom animalia? glycogen and fat .
117.what is mode of nutrition in kingdom animalia?
Heterotrophic ,holozoic that is ingestion of food .
2.6 Viruses,  Viroids and Lichens 118. Name some acellular/ non-cellular organisms.
 Very, Viroids.
119. what is place of viruses ,viroids and lichens in the chapter five kingdom system of classification?
 These organisms does not belong to any of the five kingdoms proposed by Whittaker.
120. what is form of viruses outside the living cells?
 Inert crystalline form.
121. The name virus simply means......
 Venom or poisonous fluid.
122. who gave the term virus?
 Pasteur.
123. In terms of size viruses are ......than bacteria.
Smaller
124.Who was first to isolate crystalline form of virus?
 W.MStanley.
125. What is mode of nutrition in viruses?
 They are obligate parasites.
126. What is genetic material in viruses ?
DNA or RNA.
127. Name a virus which has both DNA and RNA as genetic material.
No virus haze both DNA and RNA s genetic material.
128. Most of viruses that infect plants are have .......stranded RNA.
single .
129.what kind of RNA and DNA is found in most of animal viruses?
In general versus infecting the animals have single or double stranded RNA or double stranded DNA.
130. Bacteriophages or bacterial virus is mostly have ..       stranded DNA .
double .
131. Protein  coat of viruses  is called.....and is made up of subunits called ......
 capsid ,capsomeres.
132. what is the most common arrangement of capsomeres in viruses?
 Helical or polyhydron.
133. Name some common viral diseases in man.
 Mumps, smallpox, herpes, influenza ,AIDS.
pp27.
Viroids.
134. Who discovered viroids?
 T O Diener (in 1970 ).
135. Name a disease caused by viroids.
 Potato spindle tuber disease .
136.what is viroid ?
Viroid is a microscopic infectious agent that have a free RNA but no protein coat .
Lichens .
137.what are phycobionts and mycobionts?
 Lichens are symbiotic association of algae and fungi. Algal component is called phycobiont and fungal component is called mycobiont.
138. what is role of fungal components in lichen ?
Fungi provides shelter to algae.
It absorbs minerals and water for its algal partner.
139. why lichens are called good pollution indicators?
 because they do not grow in the polluted areas.

By:Ashwani Kumar.
Biology teacher .
Vigyan Tutorials.
Phagwara.