Tuesday, 7 August 2018
Thursday, 10 May 2018
How do mosquitoes locate their victims?
1.Eyes:Mosquitoes use their eyes to locate their victims. research has shown that people wearing dark colour clothes like red, black, navy black etc are more likely to be easily located by the mosquitoes .
2. Blood type : people with blood group O are to twice attractive to mosquitoes than those with Type A. most of people produce blood group specific secretions mosquito can detetect.
3. carbon dioxide : carbon dioxide is attractive to mosquitoes .they can sense carbon dioxide from a distance over 150 feet away.so more carbon dioxide one exhales,more attractive he/she is to the mosquitoes .as we exhale carbon dioxide through nose therefore while sleeping or resting there is more carbon dioxide around our head region.no surprise often we hear buzzing sound mosquito offer in our ears.
4. Body heat and sweat: Mosquitoes can also detect heat of our body and sweat also. our sweat contains lactic acid, uric acid, ammonia and some other compounds. the mosquitoes can sniff these compounds . So sweaty peoples are likely to be more attractive for the mosquito. after strenous exercise we sweat more, our body emits more heat . in such state we are more likely to be attacked by the mosquito.
5.Type of bacteria on skin .In one study, humans were divided into those two groups. One group that was highly attractive to mosquitoes and other one with those who were not.The attractive ones had more of certain microbes on their skin than the unattractive ones.
6.pregnancy:One study revealed that pregnant women are twice as attractive to Anopheles mosquitoes as non-pregnant women.perhaps it was because women in late pregnancy exhaled 21 percent more volume of breath,hence more carbon dioxide than non-pregnant women. Moreover, abdomens of pregnant women are about 1.25 fahrenheit warmer than non pregnent women.
7.beer.researchers found that significantly more mosquitoes come close to our body after drinking a 12-ounce beer.it was due to increased ethanol content in sweat and skin temperature after drinking beer)
2. Blood type : people with blood group O are to twice attractive to mosquitoes than those with Type A. most of people produce blood group specific secretions mosquito can detetect.
3. carbon dioxide : carbon dioxide is attractive to mosquitoes .they can sense carbon dioxide from a distance over 150 feet away.so more carbon dioxide one exhales,more attractive he/she is to the mosquitoes .as we exhale carbon dioxide through nose therefore while sleeping or resting there is more carbon dioxide around our head region.no surprise often we hear buzzing sound mosquito offer in our ears.
4. Body heat and sweat: Mosquitoes can also detect heat of our body and sweat also. our sweat contains lactic acid, uric acid, ammonia and some other compounds. the mosquitoes can sniff these compounds . So sweaty peoples are likely to be more attractive for the mosquito. after strenous exercise we sweat more, our body emits more heat . in such state we are more likely to be attacked by the mosquito.
5.Type of bacteria on skin .In one study, humans were divided into those two groups. One group that was highly attractive to mosquitoes and other one with those who were not.The attractive ones had more of certain microbes on their skin than the unattractive ones.
6.pregnancy:One study revealed that pregnant women are twice as attractive to Anopheles mosquitoes as non-pregnant women.perhaps it was because women in late pregnancy exhaled 21 percent more volume of breath,hence more carbon dioxide than non-pregnant women. Moreover, abdomens of pregnant women are about 1.25 fahrenheit warmer than non pregnent women.
7.beer.researchers found that significantly more mosquitoes come close to our body after drinking a 12-ounce beer.it was due to increased ethanol content in sweat and skin temperature after drinking beer)
Arthropoda
Arthropods are cosmopolitan .They are found almost in every habitat. They are found in desert ,inside soil, in freshwater, in marine water, in snowy areas and also as parasites. Most of these are solitary or gregarious. some form colonies with social organisation.Body is divided into 3 regions head ,thorax and abdomen. In some species head is fused with thorax to form cephalothorax .Segmentation is external. lnternal septa are absent. Symmetry is bilateral. Coelenterates are triploblastic animals with organ level of body organisation . Spaces in between organs merge and form blood filled cavity called haemocoel.Head is formed by fusion of 6 segments .it has various types of mouth parts. Eyes are compound . Exoskeleton is mostly made up of chitin. it undergoes moulting or ecdysis at intervals . Insects have wings made up of chitin. they have jointed legs and other appendages. Digestive canal is complete . Blood circulatory system is open type. Blood vessels cannot be differentiated into arteries and veins. Blood is colourless and is called hemolymph . Excretory system consists of green glands, malpighian tubules. gills, tracheae,book gills, book lungs, respiratory siphon are respiratory organs found in various arthropods. Nervous system consists of various ganglia ,nerves and nerve plexus. Most arthropods are unisexual, few are hermaphrodites. fertilization can be external or internal. Parthenogenetic development of eggs into young ones is found in many arthropods like Honey Bee cockroach grasshopper etc. Asexual reproduction is absent. Development may be direct or indirect involving one or more larval stages. series of changes that convert larvae into adults are together called as metamorphosis.
Annelida
A characteristic feature of annelids is metameric segmentation i.e body shows external division by circular ring like annuli and corresponding internal division by septa. segments thus formed are called metamers. they are found in marine habitat, freshwater habitat and in moist soil also . symmetry is bilateral. body is triploblastic that is made up of 3 germ layers. they have organ level of body organisation. another characteristic feature is presence of setae in most of species. Setae are absent in leeches. some species have parapodia. which act as locomotor organ.annelids are coelomates . they have true coelom, which is schizocoel. in animal evolution annelids are the first to have coelom.The coelom contains coelomic fluid with certain types of cells. Coelomic fluid inside body cavity forms hydrostatic skeleton. in most of species respiration occurs by diffusion of gases throw skin. in some species respiration occurs through gills. digestive tract is complete, that is, have both mouth and anus. excretory system contains nephridia. blood circulatory system is closed type. blood is red due to plasma dissolved pigment erythrocruorin . true Blood vascular system is lacking. nervous system consists of mid ventral nerve cord with segmental ganglia and a nerve ring at interior end. sense organs are tactile receptors,photosreceptors, gustatoreceptors and also statocysts in some species. some species like earthworm, leech are hermaphrodite, whereas others like Neries are unisexual. development is direct in most of species, that is, no larval stage in life history. in some false like Neries larval stage (trochophore larva) is present.
Platyhelminthes
Platyhelminthes include flatworms. They are bilaterally symmetrical. They are acoelomate i.e, lack a coelom .they ate triploblastic ,that is, have three germ layers.most of species are parasitic.some are free living.they show cephalization of nervous system and their nervous system consists of a head ganglion . Excretory system consists of specialized flame cells. respiratory or circulatory systems are absent.exchange of gases occur by diffudion through body surface.Non parasitic forms have incomplete gut; even this is lacking in many parasitic forms.Movement in some species occur with help of body muscle. Others move along slime trails by the beating of epidermal cilia. Sense organs like ocelli (photoreceptors), chemoreceptors,statocysts ,rheoreceptors are present in some forms. Gut if present, is incomplete (without anus).tapeworms lack gut.The nervous system is ladder-like. It consists of the brain (head ganglion) and two main longitudinal nerve cords connected at intervals by transverse commissures.These animals are generally hermaphrodite but mostly cross fertilization occur. fertilization is internal. self fertilization occur in tapeworms.in some flat worms like Planaria asexual reproduction occur by binary fission.Life cycle consists of one or more larval stages. In liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica)the larval stages are - miracidium, sporocyst, redia, cercaria and metacercaria . larval stages in tapeworm are onchosphere, hexacanth and cysticercus larvae. Flatworms show organ level system of organisation.
Porifera
Porifera include the sponges . these are most primitive of multicellular animals.they are sessile and are fixed to some submerged object.The Plorifera belongs to Kingdom animalia. Most of members of this phylum are marine few are fresh water inhabitants. They maybe solitary or colonial. They have Cellular grade of body organisation shape is mostly cylindrical what are the shapes are also found. Body maybe radially symmetrical aur asymmetrical .They are diploblastic animals having two germ layers outer layer is called the derma and inner layer is called gastral layer.inbetween two layers there is gelatinousmesogloea.it contains several amoeboid sales. Body has numerous pores called ostia for water entry and there is a large pore called osculum at the apex . coelom is absent but there maybe a cavity called spongocoel.water circulatory system is a unique features in the members of this phylum .endoskeleton consists of spicules which maybe calcareous made up of calcium carbonate or silicious made up of silica. in some forms the Skeleton is made up of spongin fibres .spongin in a type of protein ingestion is holozoic .digestion is intracellular .nervous system and circulatory system or absent. Both asexual and sexual reproduction occurs .asexual reproduction occurs by budding,gemmule formation and by regeneration .sexual reproduction involves fusion of gametes . fertilization is internal.Life cycle has free swimming larvae called amphiblastula or parenchymula.
Saturday, 6 January 2018
Biology paper
class 10
photosynthesis
MM30
1. name the followings.
A. green colour substance in plants.
B. structure containing thylakoids.
C. piles of thylakoids .
D.split of water molecules by light energy .
E.conversion of ADP into ATP.
2. select the most appropriate option. A.which one is not required for photosynthesis
a. carbon dioxide
b. oxygen
c. light
d.water
B.components of chlorophyll are
a. carbon
b.magnesium
c. nitrogen
d.all of these
C. glucose is synthesized in
a.light dependent phase
b. light independent phase
c. both of these phases
d. none of these
D. the main( primary) function of stomata is to
a. let the carbon dioxide enter
Inside the leaf
b.to let oxygen released into the atmosphere
c.transpiration
d.all of these
E.which of the following is not an adaptation for photosynthesis
a. large surface area of leaves
b.transparent cuticle
c. numerous stomata
d. numerous chloroplasts on lower surface of leaves .
3.how will the following effect rate of photosynthesis
1.scarcity of water 2.rise in temperature 3.mineral deficiency
4.which is the location of the following structures mentioned in brackets
1.chlorophyll( thylakoids )
2.stomata( leaves )
5.explain why
1.chlorophyll appears green
2. grass grown in Shade turns yellow
6.term dark phase is not appropriate for light independent phase
7. briefly explain
1.potassium ion concentration theory .
2.RuBP and Rubisco
8. given below is a diagrammatic representation of the internal structure of the organelle in plant cell study the same and answer the questions that follow
1.identify the organelle.
2.name the physiological process occurring in the organelle
3/. mention one way in which this processes beneficial to man.
4.name the phases of the process occurring in the part labelled as 1 and 2.
5. A chemical substance NADP plays an active part in one of the phases. Write the expanded form of NADP and state its role in above process.
6. Represent the physiological process mentioned in question 2 in the firm of chemical reaction.
7. The diagram below represent an experiment conducted to prove the importance of photosynthesis. study the same and answer the questions that follow.
1. name the factors being studied in the experiment .
2.why was the plant kept in a dark room before conducting the experiment
3.why was the experimental leaf then kept in a. boiling water b. methylated spirit
4. name the solution used to test for presence of starch in the leaf .
5.wat will we observe in the experimental leaf at the end of the starch test .
6.give a balanced chemical equation to represent the process of photosynthesis.
class 10
photosynthesis
MM30
1. name the followings.
A. green colour substance in plants.
B. structure containing thylakoids.
C. piles of thylakoids .
D.split of water molecules by light energy .
E.conversion of ADP into ATP.
2. select the most appropriate option. A.which one is not required for photosynthesis
a. carbon dioxide
b. oxygen
c. light
d.water
B.components of chlorophyll are
a. carbon
b.magnesium
c. nitrogen
d.all of these
C. glucose is synthesized in
a.light dependent phase
b. light independent phase
c. both of these phases
d. none of these
D. the main( primary) function of stomata is to
a. let the carbon dioxide enter
Inside the leaf
b.to let oxygen released into the atmosphere
c.transpiration
d.all of these
E.which of the following is not an adaptation for photosynthesis
a. large surface area of leaves
b.transparent cuticle
c. numerous stomata
d. numerous chloroplasts on lower surface of leaves .
3.how will the following effect rate of photosynthesis
1.scarcity of water 2.rise in temperature 3.mineral deficiency
4.which is the location of the following structures mentioned in brackets
1.chlorophyll( thylakoids )
2.stomata( leaves )
5.explain why
1.chlorophyll appears green
2. grass grown in Shade turns yellow
6.term dark phase is not appropriate for light independent phase
7. briefly explain
1.potassium ion concentration theory .
2.RuBP and Rubisco
8. given below is a diagrammatic representation of the internal structure of the organelle in plant cell study the same and answer the questions that follow
1.identify the organelle.
2.name the physiological process occurring in the organelle
3/. mention one way in which this processes beneficial to man.
4.name the phases of the process occurring in the part labelled as 1 and 2.
5. A chemical substance NADP plays an active part in one of the phases. Write the expanded form of NADP and state its role in above process.
6. Represent the physiological process mentioned in question 2 in the firm of chemical reaction.
7. The diagram below represent an experiment conducted to prove the importance of photosynthesis. study the same and answer the questions that follow.
1. name the factors being studied in the experiment .
2.why was the plant kept in a dark room before conducting the experiment
3.why was the experimental leaf then kept in a. boiling water b. methylated spirit
4. name the solution used to test for presence of starch in the leaf .
5.wat will we observe in the experimental leaf at the end of the starch test .
6.give a balanced chemical equation to represent the process of photosynthesis.
Biology paper: Transpiration
MM 30.
A.name the followings
1. Openings on stem through which transpiration takes place .
2.a paper that turns pink when exposed to moisture
3.a plant in which stomata are sunken.
4..any two parts of leaf that allow transpiration.
5.A device used to Measure water intake by plant .
B.differentiate between the following on the basis of factors mentioned in the bracket
1.lenticel and stomata (opening and clothing)
2. transpiration and guttation (structure involved )
C.explain how
1. transpiration helps in bringing rain .
2.transpiration is a price paid for photosynthesis 3.transpiration helps to generate suction force .
D.how will the following factors influence the rate of photosynthesis? 1.decrease in atmospheric pressure 2.increase in humidity outside plant 3.increase in temperature
E.How are following structures useful to plant.
1. spines in cacti
2.shrunken stomata
F.given below is an apparatus used to study a particular phenomena in plants study the same and answer the questions that follows
1.Name the Apparatus
2.mention the limitations of this apparatus.
3. what is the function of the part marked reservoir .
4.which phenomena is studied with help of this apparatus.
5. What is the role of air bubble in the experiment?
G. Given below is an experimental set up to study a particular process.
1. Name the process being studied.
2.Explain the process named in above question 1.
3.why is the pot covered with plastic sheet.
4.mention one way in which the process is beneficial to the plant.
5.suggest a suitable control for this experiment.
Ashwani Kumar ,Biology teacher ,Patel Nagar,phagwara 9646388266
MM 30.
A.name the followings
1. Openings on stem through which transpiration takes place .
2.a paper that turns pink when exposed to moisture
3.a plant in which stomata are sunken.
4..any two parts of leaf that allow transpiration.
5.A device used to Measure water intake by plant .
B.differentiate between the following on the basis of factors mentioned in the bracket
1.lenticel and stomata (opening and clothing)
2. transpiration and guttation (structure involved )
C.explain how
1. transpiration helps in bringing rain .
2.transpiration is a price paid for photosynthesis 3.transpiration helps to generate suction force .
D.how will the following factors influence the rate of photosynthesis? 1.decrease in atmospheric pressure 2.increase in humidity outside plant 3.increase in temperature
E.How are following structures useful to plant.
1. spines in cacti
2.shrunken stomata
F.given below is an apparatus used to study a particular phenomena in plants study the same and answer the questions that follows
1.Name the Apparatus
2.mention the limitations of this apparatus.
3. what is the function of the part marked reservoir .
4.which phenomena is studied with help of this apparatus.
5. What is the role of air bubble in the experiment?
G. Given below is an experimental set up to study a particular process.
1. Name the process being studied.
2.Explain the process named in above question 1.
3.why is the pot covered with plastic sheet.
4.mention one way in which the process is beneficial to the plant.
5.suggest a suitable control for this experiment.
Ashwani Kumar ,Biology teacher ,Patel Nagar,phagwara 9646388266
Wednesday, 27 December 2017
ICSE Class10. MM30
1.The diagram given below represents a plant cell after being placed in a strong sugar solution. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow :
B. name the structure that acts as a selectively permeable membrane.
C label the parts numbered 1to4 in the diagram .
D.how can the above cell be brought back to its original condition ? mention the scientific term for the recovery of the cell.
E. state any two features of the above plant cell which is not present in animal cells.
2. Choose the correct option from them four options given below
A. a plant cell may burst when
a. turgor pressure equalises wall pressure.
b turgor pressure exceeds wall pressure.
c wall pressure exceeds turgor pressure d.none of the above
B. Marine fish when placed in tap water bursts due to
a.endosmosis b.exosmosis
c.diffusion d.plasmolysis
C. The space between the the cell wall and plasma membrane in a plasmolysed Cell is filled with
a. isotonic solution
b. hypotonic solution
c.hypertonic solution
d.water
D.which of the following is a characteristic not related with the suitability of the roots for absorbing water .
a. Tremendoys surface area
b.contains cell sap at a higher cincentration than the surrounding soil water.
c.root hairs have thin cell wall.
d.grow downwards into the soil .
E. Absorption of water by plant cells by surface attraction is called
a.diffusion
b.osmosis
c. imbibition
d.none of these
F.highest water potential in Osmosis is that of
a.pure water
b.10% salt solution
c. 50% sugar solution
d.honey
3. Differentiate between the following pairs on the basis of what is mentioned within the brackets
a.diffusion and osmosis( definition)
b. cell wall and cell membrane ( permeability c.transpiration and guttation ( structures involved )
4.give reasons
a. potato cubes when placed in water become firm and increase in size
b. drooping of leaves of Mimosa pudica on being touched
5. name the following
a. pressure of cell content on cell wall
b.a process by which root hairs absorb water from soil
c.the process of uptake of mineral ions against the concentration gradient using energy from the cell .
d.membrane which allows the passage of molecules selectively
e.a solution in which relative concentration of water molecules and solutes on either side of cell membrane is same.
6 briefly explain the following terms
a. turgidity
b.plasmolysis
c.osmosis
d.osmotic pressure
7. The figure given below is a diagrammatic representation of a part of the transverse section of the root in the root hair zone .study the same and then answer the following questions
a.name the parts indicated by guidelines one to 4
b.which is the process that enables the passage of water from the soil into the root hair.
c. name the pressure that is responsible for the movement of water in the direction indicated by arrows
d.due to excess of this pressure sometimes drops of water are found along the leaf margins of some plants especially on in early morning. what is this phenomena called?
e.draw well labelled diagram of the root hair cell as it would appear if excess of fertilizer is added to the soil close to it
By:Ashwani Kumar,Biology teacher,Vigyan Tutorials,Guru Hargobind Nagar Road,patel nagar,Phagwara.9646388266.
Tuesday, 26 December 2017
ICSE Class10. MMr30
1.The diagram given below represents a plant cell after being placed in a strong sugar solution. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow :
B. name the structure that acts as a selectively permeable membrane.
C label the parts numbered 1to4 in the diagram .
D.how can the above cell be brought back to its original condition ? mention the scientific term for the recovery of the cell.
E. state any two features of the above plant cell which is not present in animal cells.
2. Choose the correct option from them four options given below
A. a plant cell may burst when
a. turgor pressure equalises wall pressure.
b turgor pressure exceeds wall pressure.
c wall pressure exceeds turgor pressure d.none of the above
B. Marine fish when placed in tap water bursts due to
a.endosmosis b.exosmosis
c.diffusion d.plasmolysis
C. The space between the the cell wall and plasma membrane in a plasmolysed Cell is filled with
a. isotonic solution
b. hypotonic solution
c.hypertonic solution
d.water
3.
Sunday, 17 December 2017
Biology paper, GENETICS , ICSE Class10 MM30
1.a. state Mendels law of dominance.
B.a pure tall plant TT, is crossed with pure dwarf plant tt,draw punnett square to show F2 generation
C.give the phenotype of F2 generation.
D.give the phenotype and genotype ratio of F1 and F2 generation.
E. Name any one X linked disease found in humans.
2. A homozygous plant having round R,and yellow (Y), seeds is crossed with plant having wrinkled (r) and green(y) seeds.
A.give the scientific name of the planton which Mendel conducted experiments .
B.give the genotype of F1 generation.
C.give the dihybrid phenotypic ratio and phenotype of offsprings of F2 generation when two plants of F1 generation are crossed.
D.name and state the law which explains the dihybrid ratio.
E.give the possible combination of gametes that can be obtained from F1 hybrids.
3.explain the following terms
A.Mutation
B. Homologous chromosomes
C. Alleles
D.monohybrid cross
E.phenotype.
4.given below are groups of terms. In each group the first pair indicates the relationship between the two terms.rewrite and complete the secondpair on a similar basis
A. Albinism : recessive : : polydactyly:
B.TT: homozygous dominant : : Tt :
C. X linked : haemophilia: : y linked:
5. Give technical term for the following
A.all genes present in an organism .
B. Small differences among individuals .
C.alternative form of a character .
D. The allele of a gene which which express itself only in homozygous state.
E.arrangement of chromosome photographs according to their shape and size.
6. In a homozygous pea plant ,axial flowers (A), are dominant over terminal flowers (a).draw a punnett square board to show the gametes and offsprings when both the parents are heterozygous for axial flowers.give phenotypic and genotypic ratio of this cross.
7. A colour blind man got married to a carrier woman . is their possibility of the colour blind daughter.spupport your answer with punnett square .
8.explain term criss cross inheritance
1.a. state Mendels law of dominance.
B.a pure tall plant TT, is crossed with pure dwarf plant tt,draw punnett square to show F2 generation
C.give the phenotype of F2 generation.
D.give the phenotype and genotype ratio of F1 and F2 generation.
E. Name any one X linked disease found in humans.
2. A homozygous plant having round R,and yellow (Y), seeds is crossed with plant having wrinkled (r) and green(y) seeds.
A.give the scientific name of the planton which Mendel conducted experiments .
B.give the genotype of F1 generation.
C.give the dihybrid phenotypic ratio and phenotype of offsprings of F2 generation when two plants of F1 generation are crossed.
D.name and state the law which explains the dihybrid ratio.
E.give the possible combination of gametes that can be obtained from F1 hybrids.
3.explain the following terms
A.Mutation
B. Homologous chromosomes
C. Alleles
D.monohybrid cross
E.phenotype.
4.given below are groups of terms. In each group the first pair indicates the relationship between the two terms.rewrite and complete the secondpair on a similar basis
A. Albinism : recessive : : polydactyly:
B.TT: homozygous dominant : : Tt :
C. X linked : haemophilia: : y linked:
5. Give technical term for the following
A.all genes present in an organism .
B. Small differences among individuals .
C.alternative form of a character .
D. The allele of a gene which which express itself only in homozygous state.
E.arrangement of chromosome photographs according to their shape and size.
6. In a homozygous pea plant ,axial flowers (A), are dominant over terminal flowers (a).draw a punnett square board to show the gametes and offsprings when both the parents are heterozygous for axial flowers.give phenotypic and genotypic ratio of this cross.
7. A colour blind man got married to a carrier woman . is their possibility of the colour blind daughter.spupport your answer with punnett square .
8.explain term criss cross inheritance
Friday, 15 December 2017
Biology paper, ICSE, Class10
Biology practice paper ,class10. MM30.
1.name the following
A. crossing over takes place.
B. a cell organelle (except nucleus)without DNA.
C.a cell that do not divide
D.phase in which chromosomes get
arranged at equator .
E.A term for division of cytoplasm . 5.
2/choose the correct answer from each of four options below.
1.chromosomes reach at poles in
A.anaphase B.telophase
C.prophase D .metaphase
2.meiosis occurs in
A. Testis B. Anthers
C. Ovaries D.all of these
3.chromosome number after meiosis is
A. 2n B. n
C.3n. D.4n. 3
3. In each of set of terms given below, there is an odd one and cannot be grouped in the same category towhich other two belong.identify the odd term in each set and name the category to which remaining two catogories belong.
1.asters,furrow,cell plate
2.G1,S,anaphase
3.mitochondria,lysosome,chloroplasts 3.
4/complete the following paragraph by filling the blanks.
A. In interphase RNA and proteins are z synthesised in ..........phase.the cell may enter .......phase or enter in next .......phase for DNA synthesis.more DNA and proteins are synthesised in ........
Phase. 4.
5.A.draw a labelled diagram of an animal cell in late prophase
B. How is it different from prophase in plant cell.
C.name the phase next to prophase.3
6.give technical term for the folowing
A. The chromosomes received from mother
B.exchange of parts of chromatids between homologous chromosomes in meiosis
7.give reason
A.meiosis1 is a reductional division but not meiosis2
B. Number of chromosomes in cell formed by mitosis remains same. 2.
8/.state the exact location of the following structures
A.pole of spindle
B.equator of spindle. 2.
9.given below are 7 terms .of these 6 can be placed into 3 matching pairs.
Cytokinesis,equator ,metaphase,haploid,meiosis,G2,cell plate. 3
10.differentiate between the followi ng pairs on the basis of what is mentioned in the brackets
1. Mitosis and meiosis ( division of cytoplasm)
2/mitosis and meiosis ,,( variations). 2.
11.differentiate between chromosome and chromatid. 1/
1.name the following
A. crossing over takes place.
B. a cell organelle (except nucleus)without DNA.
C.a cell that do not divide
D.phase in which chromosomes get
arranged at equator .
E.A term for division of cytoplasm . 5.
2/choose the correct answer from each of four options below.
1.chromosomes reach at poles in
A.anaphase B.telophase
C.prophase D .metaphase
2.meiosis occurs in
A. Testis B. Anthers
C. Ovaries D.all of these
3.chromosome number after meiosis is
A. 2n B. n
C.3n. D.4n. 3
3. In each of set of terms given below, there is an odd one and cannot be grouped in the same category towhich other two belong.identify the odd term in each set and name the category to which remaining two catogories belong.
1.asters,furrow,cell plate
2.G1,S,anaphase
3.mitochondria,lysosome,chloroplasts 3.
4/complete the following paragraph by filling the blanks.
A. In interphase RNA and proteins are z synthesised in ..........phase.the cell may enter .......phase or enter in next .......phase for DNA synthesis.more DNA and proteins are synthesised in ........
Phase. 4.
5.A.draw a labelled diagram of an animal cell in late prophase
B. How is it different from prophase in plant cell.
C.name the phase next to prophase.3
6.give technical term for the folowing
A. The chromosomes received from mother
B.exchange of parts of chromatids between homologous chromosomes in meiosis
7.give reason
A.meiosis1 is a reductional division but not meiosis2
B. Number of chromosomes in cell formed by mitosis remains same. 2.
8/.state the exact location of the following structures
A.pole of spindle
B.equator of spindle. 2.
9.given below are 7 terms .of these 6 can be placed into 3 matching pairs.
Cytokinesis,equator ,metaphase,haploid,meiosis,G2,cell plate. 3
10.differentiate between the followi ng pairs on the basis of what is mentioned in the brackets
1. Mitosis and meiosis ( division of cytoplasm)
2/mitosis and meiosis ,,( variations). 2.
11.differentiate between chromosome and chromatid. 1/
Saturday, 4 November 2017
Noise Pollution
Noise pollution is any disturbing sound that adversely affects the living organisms .technically the sound sound level above 30 decibel fall in the category of noise .sound frequency is measured in hertz. human hearing range is from 50 heartz to15000 Hertz .the sound waves having frequency below 50 hertz are called infrasonic and the sound waves having frequency above 15000 Hertz are called ultrasonic. power of sound per unit area is called sound intensity . Its unit is watt per metre squareW/m2. decibel is named after Graham Bell. General conversation producers 60 dB, loud conversation producers 70 dB ,scooter engine 80dB and truck engine produces about 90 dB, jet engine about 150 dB and rocket propulsion about 180 dB of noise.
sources of noise pollution: Industries vehicles ,loudspeakers, agriculture machinery ,crackers ,Dynamite blast at construction sites, domestic gadgets like mixture grinder ,vacuum cleaner television, radio army tanks,ammunition explosion etc are some common sources of pollution .
Effects: noise pollution adversely affects hearing ability of person .sound above 150 dB can permanently damage eardrum or dislocate ear ossicles .regular daytime exposure of sound above 80 decibel can reduce 15 dB hearing capacity in 10 years .person feels uncomfortable ,anxiety increases which in turn can cause hypertension ,hormonal changes ,headache, digestion problem, increase in heartbeat ,Insomnia etc.exposure to high noise level can have bad effect on nervous system of developing baby .
effect on animals : high noise level have adverse affect on hearing ability, causes anxiety ,hormonal changes in animals .studies have shown that Exposure to high noise levels for longer. Studies have shown that exposure to high sound levels for longer periods in animals disturb egg laying and hatching from eggs.
control of noise pollution noise pollution :
laws should be implemented strictly .machines should be designed in such a way that they produce minimum noise. use of loudspeakers should be regulated strictly by law .use of crackers should be minimum .noiseless cracker or low sound crackers should be used .big cities should be divided into four zones .silence zone ,it is near hospitals and educational Institutes . there is residential zone, commercial zone and industrial zone .in Silence zone use of loudspeakers ,use of horns is not allowed .building should be designed in such a way that minimum noise enters the building from outside. green muffler or green belt can also reduce the noise level .vegetation absorbs sound waves, therefore it is called green muffler .green muffler should be maintained on either side of road and railway tracks. it not only reduces noise but also reduces air pollution and dispersal of dust generated by moving vehicles. wide tree belts should be grown around industrial areas .we can use ear plugs and muffs to protect our ears from high noise levels .they block the entry of noise in ears.
sources of noise pollution: Industries vehicles ,loudspeakers, agriculture machinery ,crackers ,Dynamite blast at construction sites, domestic gadgets like mixture grinder ,vacuum cleaner television, radio army tanks,ammunition explosion etc are some common sources of pollution .
Effects: noise pollution adversely affects hearing ability of person .sound above 150 dB can permanently damage eardrum or dislocate ear ossicles .regular daytime exposure of sound above 80 decibel can reduce 15 dB hearing capacity in 10 years .person feels uncomfortable ,anxiety increases which in turn can cause hypertension ,hormonal changes ,headache, digestion problem, increase in heartbeat ,Insomnia etc.exposure to high noise level can have bad effect on nervous system of developing baby .
effect on animals : high noise level have adverse affect on hearing ability, causes anxiety ,hormonal changes in animals .studies have shown that Exposure to high noise levels for longer. Studies have shown that exposure to high sound levels for longer periods in animals disturb egg laying and hatching from eggs.
control of noise pollution noise pollution :
laws should be implemented strictly .machines should be designed in such a way that they produce minimum noise. use of loudspeakers should be regulated strictly by law .use of crackers should be minimum .noiseless cracker or low sound crackers should be used .big cities should be divided into four zones .silence zone ,it is near hospitals and educational Institutes . there is residential zone, commercial zone and industrial zone .in Silence zone use of loudspeakers ,use of horns is not allowed .building should be designed in such a way that minimum noise enters the building from outside. green muffler or green belt can also reduce the noise level .vegetation absorbs sound waves, therefore it is called green muffler .green muffler should be maintained on either side of road and railway tracks. it not only reduces noise but also reduces air pollution and dispersal of dust generated by moving vehicles. wide tree belts should be grown around industrial areas .we can use ear plugs and muffs to protect our ears from high noise levels .they block the entry of noise in ears.
Flluid Mosaic Model of Plasma Membrane
It was well known that biomembranes can contract, expand,undergo fusion and can quickly repair themselves. on the basis of these properties Singer and Nicolson (1972)proposed that
biomembranes are not solid but quassi fluid .according to this model the membranes do not have uniform arrangement of lipids and proteins but they are mosaic of two There is a bilayer of phospholipid molecules proteins are present in between phospholipid molecules ,on the outer side of phospholipid bilayer and on the inner side of phospholipid bilayer. the proteins which are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer are called integral or intrinsic proteins. the proteins present on outer surface of phospholipid bilayer are called extrinsic proteins or peripheral proteins. The lipid bilayer is semi fluid .it allows the lateral movement of proteins .some proteins act as enzymes. some proteins help in active transport .some carbohydrate molecules may be attached to the phospholipid molecules forming glycolipids .the carbohydrates attached to proteins form glycoproteins
biomembranes are not solid but quassi fluid .according to this model the membranes do not have uniform arrangement of lipids and proteins but they are mosaic of two There is a bilayer of phospholipid molecules proteins are present in between phospholipid molecules ,on the outer side of phospholipid bilayer and on the inner side of phospholipid bilayer. the proteins which are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer are called integral or intrinsic proteins. the proteins present on outer surface of phospholipid bilayer are called extrinsic proteins or peripheral proteins. The lipid bilayer is semi fluid .it allows the lateral movement of proteins .some proteins act as enzymes. some proteins help in active transport .some carbohydrate molecules may be attached to the phospholipid molecules forming glycolipids .the carbohydrates attached to proteins form glycoproteins
Sciophytes
Sciophytes plants are also known as shade plants because they are adapted to low intensity of lights. stems are soft with large internodes. the leaves are thinwith thin cuticle.stomata lie at level of surface of leaves and are resent on both the surfaces of leaves. root system his less extensive . they have low photosynthetic and metabolic rate.
Ovipary, Vivipary and Ovovivipary
Ovipary,vivipary and ovovivipary
in ovipary the embryo develops inside the egg and eggs are laid before development of embryo. in other words the development of embryo occurs outside the body of female but inside the egg .after completion of embryonic development young ones hatch out of the egg.
Vivipary: the embryo develops inside body of female in her uterus. in the body of female the embryo is nourished through placenta .it occurs in eutherian and metatherian mammals.
ovovivipary: egg is fertilized inside the body of female but it is not laid but returned within the reproductive tract of female until embryogenesis is complete. female gives birth to young one but young one develops in the egg within body of female and during development it is not nourished through placenta but it consumes food stored in the egg. examples sharks Rattle snake.
Thursday, 31 August 2017
Characteristics of prokaryotic cell
1.Prokaryotic cells lack well organised nucleus
2.the genetic material is present in the form of circular DNA .
3. DNA is not packed in chromosomes 4.the nuclear membrane is lacking
5the DNA is not complexed with histones
6. different types of Pilli present
7.mitochondria are lacking in prokaryotic cells
8.chloroplast is absent. photosynthetic lamellae may be present in photosynthetic bacteria
9. membrane bound organelle like endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi ,lysosomes are absent 10.the ribosomes are of 70s type 11.cytoplasmic streaming is not seen in the cells
12. the microtubules form cytoskeleton
13.the cell wall consists of mucopeptides which is known as 14.the flagella simple and do not have 9 + 2 pattern
Post by: ashwani kumar, biology teacher@ vigyan tutorials, phagwara.
2.the genetic material is present in the form of circular DNA .
3. DNA is not packed in chromosomes 4.the nuclear membrane is lacking
5the DNA is not complexed with histones
6. different types of Pilli present
7.mitochondria are lacking in prokaryotic cells
8.chloroplast is absent. photosynthetic lamellae may be present in photosynthetic bacteria
9. membrane bound organelle like endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi ,lysosomes are absent 10.the ribosomes are of 70s type 11.cytoplasmic streaming is not seen in the cells
12. the microtubules form cytoskeleton
13.the cell wall consists of mucopeptides which is known as 14.the flagella simple and do not have 9 + 2 pattern
Post by: ashwani kumar, biology teacher@ vigyan tutorials, phagwara.
Thursday, 9 February 2017
Biology MCQs for NEET(UG)/AIPMT : Kingdom Monera
BY : ASHWANI KUMAR BIOLOGY TEACHER VIGYAN TUTORIALS PATELNAGAR PHAGWARA 9646388266
1.kingdom monera includes.
a.mycoplasma
b.bacteria
c.actinomycetes
d.all of these/
2.kingdom monera includes.
a.cyanobacteria
b.mycelial bacteria
c.mycoplasma
d.all of these/
3.kingdom monera includes
a.amoeba
b.paramecium
c.bacteria
d.none of these /
4.monerans are
a.unicellular
b.mycelial
c.colonial
d.all of these /
5.the organelles that are absent in monerans are
a.plastids
b.mitochondria
c.endoplasmic reticulum
d.all of these/
6.which of these organelles is not absent in monerans
a.ribosomes
b.golgi
c.lysosomes
d.plastids /
7.the genetic material in prokaryotes is
a. DNA
b.RNA
c.can be a or b
d.proteins./
8.monerans are called procaryotes due to absence of
a.distinct nucleus
b.lysosomes
c.golgi
d.plastids
9.ribosomes in monera are
a. 80S type
b.70S type
c.50S type
d.60S type
Ans1.d 2 d 3.c 4.d 5.d 6.a 7.a 8.a 9.b
/By : Ashwani kumar.biology teacher, vigyan tutorials,new patel nagar phagwara 9646388266
THIS IS COPY RIGHT MATERIAL
1.kingdom monera includes.
a.mycoplasma
b.bacteria
c.actinomycetes
d.all of these/
2.kingdom monera includes.
a.cyanobacteria
b.mycelial bacteria
c.mycoplasma
d.all of these/
3.kingdom monera includes
a.amoeba
b.paramecium
c.bacteria
d.none of these /
4.monerans are
a.unicellular
b.mycelial
c.colonial
d.all of these /
5.the organelles that are absent in monerans are
a.plastids
b.mitochondria
c.endoplasmic reticulum
d.all of these/
6.which of these organelles is not absent in monerans
a.ribosomes
b.golgi
c.lysosomes
d.plastids /
7.the genetic material in prokaryotes is
a. DNA
b.RNA
c.can be a or b
d.proteins./
8.monerans are called procaryotes due to absence of
a.distinct nucleus
b.lysosomes
c.golgi
d.plastids
9.ribosomes in monera are
a. 80S type
b.70S type
c.50S type
d.60S type
Ans1.d 2 d 3.c 4.d 5.d 6.a 7.a 8.a 9.b
/By : Ashwani kumar.biology teacher, vigyan tutorials,new patel nagar phagwara 9646388266
THIS IS COPY RIGHT MATERIAL
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